The1st Crusade launched at the behest of the Byzantine Emperor, successfully took the city of Jerusalem back under Christian control and founded the Crusader states in the Holy Land. (The Byzantine intention had been to raise volunteers to help repel Moslem aggression not to found new states in their recaptured territories!) The 2nd and 3rd Crusades brought new influxes of Western Knights and soldiers to the Holy Lands as the Islamic states counter-attacked and gradually took back all lands lost.